在软件开发领域,一份清晰、全面的产品需求文档(PRD)是项目成功的基石。然而,传统PRD的编写往往耗时耗力,而且容易出现信息遗漏和不一致。随着大模型(LLM)技术的快速发展,我们可以利用Prompt工程,显著提升PRD的生成效率和质量,特别是当PRD需要作为代码生成Agent的输入时,高质量的Prompt显得尤为重要。本文将深入探讨如何通过精心设计的Prompt,指导大模型生成一份可供Coding Agent 使用的完美PRD,并结合 NotebookLM 等工具,优化整个流程。
1. 从用户痛点出发:利用NotebookLM收集PRD要素
传统的PRD编写往往从“我认为用户需要什么”开始,而高质量的PRD应该以真实的用户需求为核心。用户痛点是驱动产品设计的原动力,也是检验产品是否满足市场需求的关键指标。文章中提到,使用 NotebookLM 的 Discover 功能,我们可以高效地收集用户在 Reddit、Quora 等平台上的真实反馈。
案例: 假设我们要开发一款帮助用户管理个人财务的App。我们可以使用 NotebookLM 的 Discover 功能,搜索 Reddit 上关于个人理财的讨论,例如 “个人理财痛点”、”预算管理困难” 等关键词。通过导入这些讨论帖,我们可以快速了解用户在理财过程中遇到的实际问题,比如:
- 预算超支: 难以控制消费,导致月光族。
- 投资知识匮乏: 不知道如何选择合适的投资产品。
- 记账繁琐: 手动记账耗时耗力,容易忘记。
将这些用户痛点总结归纳,并作为 PRD 的核心输入,可以确保产品设计真正解决用户面临的实际问题。此外,分析行业趋势也能更好地把握市场机遇。例如,如果发现“智能化记账”是近年来的热门趋势,那么在PRD中就可以重点强调App的智能记账功能。
2. 竞品分析:站在巨人肩膀上,避免重复造轮子
在产品开发过程中,了解竞争对手的产品策略、功能特点和用户反馈至关重要。竞品分析可以帮助我们发现市场空白点,避免重复造轮子,并借鉴成功经验。文章建议使用 NotebookLM 的 Discover 功能,直接搜索竞争对手的官网或应用商店页面。
案例: 仍然以个人理财App为例,我们可以使用 NotebookLM 搜索市面上主流的理财App,如 “Mint”、”YNAB”、”PocketGuard” 等。通过分析这些App的官网和用户评价,我们可以了解:
- 核心功能: 预算管理、账单提醒、投资跟踪等。
- 设计风格: 简洁直观、数据可视化、个性化推荐等。
- 用户评价: 功能强大、易于使用、安全可靠等。
通过对竞品的深入分析,我们可以明确自身产品的定位,差异化竞争优势,例如在现有的App的基础上,更加注重用户的投资教育,提供定制化的投资方案。同时,也可以避免设计上的雷同,例如避免使用用户吐槽最多的复杂操作流程。
3. MVP至上:聚焦核心功能,快速验证市场
在产品开发的初期,最小可行产品(MVP) 是快速验证产品理念,降低开发风险的关键。MVP 应该只包含解决核心用户痛点,满足基本需求的功能,避免过度设计和功能堆砌。文章建议在 NotebookLM 中,将用户痛点、行业趋势和竞品分析相结合,提炼出MVP的核心功能。
案例: 基于上述的用户痛点和竞品分析,我们可以确定个人理财App的MVP功能包括:
- 智能记账: 自动识别消费类型,简化记账流程。
- 预算管理: 设定预算目标,实时监控消费情况。
- 数据可视化: 通过图表展示收支情况,帮助用户了解财务状况。
通过MVP,我们可以快速验证用户对智能记账和预算管理的需求,收集用户反馈,并根据反馈迭代产品,避免在不必要的功能上浪费时间和资源。
4. Prompt工程:构建高质量PRD的桥梁
有了用户痛点、行业趋势和MVP功能,我们需要利用Prompt工程,将这些信息转化为高质量的PRD。Prompt工程是指通过精心设计Prompt,引导大模型生成符合要求的文本内容。文章中提供了一个详细的Prompt模板,包括:
- 角色设定: 明确大模型的角色,例如 “资深产品经理”。
- 目标设定: 明确大模型的目标,例如 “生成一份清晰、全面的PRD”。
- 格式要求: 明确输出格式,例如 “Markdown (.md) 格式”。
- 内容要求: 提供关键信息,例如 用户痛点、行业趋势、竞品分析、MVP功能、用户画像、用例等。
案例: 我们可以将收集到的用户痛点、行业趋势和MVP功能,填充到文章提供的Prompt模板中,并发送给大模型,例如 ChatGPT、Gemini 或 Claude。
Act as an experienced Product Manager drafting a Product Requirements Document (PRD) for a new software product for Personal Finance Management App.
Your goal is to create a clear, concise, and comprehensive PRD based on the information I provide. The PRD should be detailed enough to guide a coding agent in understanding what needs to be built. Format the entire document using standard Markdown (.md) syntax.
Here is the foundational information and synthesized insights from my research:
**User Pain Points Summary:**
* Budget overspending: Difficulty controlling spending, leading to being a "moonlight clan."
* Lack of investment knowledge: Don't know how to choose the right investment products.
* Tedious bookkeeping: Manual bookkeeping is time-consuming and laborious, and easy to forget.
**Industry Trends Summary:**
* Intelligent bookkeeping is a popular trend in recent years.
* Personalized financial management services are increasingly popular.
* The demand for safe and reliable financial management tools is growing.
**Competitor Insights:**
* Mint: Core functions include budget management, bill reminders, and investment tracking.
* YNAB: Design style is simple and intuitive, with data visualization and personalized recommendations.
* PocketGuard: Powerful, easy to use, safe and reliable.
**Core Problem My Idea Solves:**
Helping users manage their finances more effectively and easily, and achieve their financial goals.
**Minimum Viable Product (MVP) Feature Set:**
* Intelligent bookkeeping: Automatically identify consumption types and simplify bookkeeping process.
* Budget management: Set budget goals and monitor consumption in real time.
* Data visualization: Display income and expenditure through charts to help users understand their financial situation.
**High-Level User Personas:**
* Persona A: Young professionals who are new to financial management and need help with budgeting and saving.
* Persona B: Experienced investors who want to track their investments and manage their portfolio.
**High-Level Use Cases:**
* As a young professional, I want to automatically record my expenses so that I can track my spending habits.
* As an experienced investor, I want to track the performance of my investments so that I can make informed investment decisions.
---
Now, generate the Product Requirements Document in Markdown (.md) format, including the following sections and incorporating the information I provided:
# Personal Finance Management App - Product Requirements Document
## Metadata
- **Item:** Personal Finance Management App
- **Target release date:** 2024-12-31
- **Epic:** Financial Management
- **Document status:** Draft
- **Document owner:** [Your Name/Role]
- **Designer:** [Designer Name/Role or TBD]
- **Tech lead:** [Tech Lead Name/Role or TBD]
- **Technical writers:** [Tech Writer Name/Role or TBD]
- **QA:** [QA Name/Role or TBD]
## Objective
Explain the purpose of this product/feature. Provide context on the project and explain how it fits into the overall strategic goals of solving the user problems identified. Draw heavily on the User Pain Points and Core Problem defined above.
## Target Audience / User Personas
Detail the specific user segments the product is being built for. Expand on the High-Level User Personas provided, describing their needs and goals based on the research summary.
## Success Metrics
List the measurable goals for this product and the specific metrics that will be used to judge its success post-launch.
| Goal | Metric |
|---|---|
| Increase user engagement | Average session duration, Feature X usage rate |
| Increase user retention | User churn rate |
## Assumptions
List any assumptions made about users, technical constraints, market conditions, or business goals that this PRD is based upon.
## User Stories / Use Cases
Provide detailed user stories describing how users will interact with the product to achieve their goals. Draw from the High-Level Use Cases provided and elaborate based on pain points and desired solutions. Frame each as "As a [type of user], I want [an action] so that [a benefit/a value]." Ensure these clearly imply the desired functionality.
## Functional Requirements
Provide a detailed list of the product's features and capabilities. This should describe *what* the product does. Focus on the MVP Feature Set provided and elaborate clearly, describing inputs, processes, and expected outputs for each feature. Use bullet points or numbered lists for clarity.
## Non-Functional Requirements
List requirements related to performance, security, usability, reliability, and other quality attributes. (e.g., response times, uptime, security standards, accessibility guidelines).
## Design & User Interaction
Describe the intended look, feel, and user flows of the product based on competitor analysis and desired user experience. Note that specific visual designs (wireframes, mocks) are separate assets but will be linked here.[Add a placeholder for Design Asset Links, e.g., "Links to Wireframes/Mockups: [Insert Link Here]"]
## Milestones / Future Roadmap
Outline key project phases, initial release scope (MVP), and planned future iterations or features.
## Risks
Identify potential risks associated with the development or launch of this product (e.g., technical challenges, market adoption risk, resource constraints).
## Out of Scope / Exclusions
Clearly list any features, requirements, or user segments that are specifically *not* included in the current scope of this release, or that are planned for later.
## Open Questions
List any outstanding questions or areas requiring further clarification that need to be addressed during the development process.
| Question | Answer | Date Answered |
|---|---|---|
| What are the specific security requirements for the app? | [Leave Blank Initially] | [Leave Blank Initially] |
通过这个Prompt,大模型可以生成一份包含清晰的目标、用户画像、功能描述和非功能性需求的PRD。
5. 为Coding Agent优化PRD:让代码生成更智能
如果PRD要直接给 Coding Agent 使用,则需要进行额外的优化。文章中提到,需要特别注意以下几点:
- 明确的功能需求: 确保每个功能的描述都清晰明确,包括输入、输出和处理逻辑。
- 详细的用户故事: 用户故事需要清晰地描述用户如何与产品互动,以及期望的结果,最好隐含验收标准。
- 非功能性约束: 明确性能、安全、可靠性和可用性等方面的要求。
- 结构化格式: 使用Markdown格式,确保 Coding Agent 能够轻松解析PRD的内容。
- 关联设计资源: 明确指出设计资源(例如,UI Mockup链接)的位置
案例: 我们可以将PRD中的功能需求进行更详细的描述,例如将“智能记账”功能拆解为:
- 输入: 用户提供的消费金额、消费类型、消费时间和消费地点。
- 处理逻辑: App自动识别消费类型,并将其归类到相应的预算类别。
- 输出: 在记账记录中显示消费金额、消费类型、消费时间和消费地点,并在预算报告中更新相应的预算余额。
此外,我们也可以将用户故事进行细化,例如:
- 原始用户故事: 作为一名年轻的专业人士,我希望能够自动记录我的开支,这样我就可以跟踪我的消费习惯。
- 优化后的用户故事: 作为一名年轻的专业人士,我希望每次消费后,App能够自动识别消费类型,并将消费记录添加到我的账本中,这样我就可以清晰地了解我的钱都花在了哪里,并控制不必要的开支。(验收标准:App能正确识别至少90%的消费类型,用户可以在账本中查看详细的消费记录)
通过这些优化,我们可以确保Coding Agent能够充分理解PRD的内容,并生成高质量的代码。
6. 持续迭代:让PRD成为活文档
PRD不是一份一成不变的文档,而应该随着产品的迭代不断更新和完善。文章强调,应该将生成的PRD作为起点,收集用户反馈,并根据反馈不断优化PRD的内容和结构,以及Prompt的设计。
案例: 在MVP发布后,我们可以收集用户对智能记账功能的反馈,如果用户反馈App识别消费类型的准确率不高,我们可以优化Prompt,要求大模型在生成PRD时,更加注重消费类型识别算法的准确性。
结论:大模型赋能PRD,提升软件开发效率
通过以上步骤,我们可以利用大模型和Prompt工程,显著提升PRD的生成效率和质量。精心设计的Prompt可以指导大模型从用户痛点、行业趋势和竞品分析出发,生成一份清晰、全面的PRD,并为Coding Agent提供智能的代码生成指引。同时,持续迭代PRD,可以确保产品始终满足用户需求,并在激烈的市场竞争中保持优势。 大模型驱动的 PRD 编写将成为未来软件开发的重要趋势。